مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال سیزدهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 70، بهمن 1393)

There is significant relationship between sleep quality and quality of the duty services among nurses. Since the nurses are the most prominent groups in providing health care for patients, so they should enjoy themselves high quality of life and sleep. The purpose of this study is to assess the sleep pattern and related factors among hospitals’ nurses of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 individuals got a bachelor's degree in nursing that have been employed in hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using unstructured information form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth sleepiness scale. Data analysis was done with descriptive and t-independent, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and logistic Regression test. About 22.1 % of the participants were men. Mean and standard deviation of age and history of job were 31.63±6.61 and 7.55±6.79, respectively. This study showed that the sleep quality were suitable in only 51(17%) nurses. However, only 32.6% of nurses had sleepiness. The quality of life were high among only 32(10.7%) of nurses. In univariate analysis, the sleep quality was related with the sex, age, monthly income, marital status, working shift pattern, history of work error and type of insurance and the sleepiness was related to marital status and history of work error (p<0.05).Multiple logistic regression showed that only marital status, age and working shift pattern affect both sleep quality and sleepiness. Findings showed that sleep quality is not suitable among nurses. Regarding the importance of sleep quality among nurses, it is recommended, recruiting more nurses and reducing the duration of working shift and increasing the number of nurses in each working shift.

Contamination of swimming pools’ water can lead to the transfer of different diseases to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the water quality health indicators in Urmia swimming pools. In this cross-sectional study, 14 active covered swimming pools in Urmia city were chosen as census. The physical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity and chemical ones such as residual chlorine, hardness, alkalinity and microbial parameters such as heterotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus and fecal and total coliforms were studied. Sampling has been conducted every weak for 6 months and they were analyzed under standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In this research, free residual chlorine in %67, turbidity in %89.9, amount of pH in %83.8 and temperature in %76.2 of the samples were desirable. In none of the pools, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus were above the threshold levels. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in %69.96, %98.8, %85.1 of the samples were desirable, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that there is a direct relationship between water turbidity and the population of bacteria and reverse relationship between the residual chlorine and the studied organisms(r=-0.595, p<0.005) According to the results, complete compliance of the pools to the standards was fairly poor. It is also important to maintain the proper level of free residual chlorine and pH in the swimming pools to ensure safety of the water quality.

The studies showed that cognitive distortions have negative effect on self compassion. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between self-compassion and deterministic thinking. This descriptive study was performed on 207 graduate students of Isfahan University. In this study, the self-compassion scale and the deterministic thinking questionnaires were used as the research device. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions. The results of this study showed that there is a negative relationship between self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness subscales and all deterministic thinking subscales (total deterministic thinking, deterministic thinking in interactions, philosophic absolute thinking, deterministic thinking in future predicting and negative events and self-judgement, isolation, and over-identification factors of self-compassion have positive correlation to all deterministic thinking subscales. Also, the multiple linear regression results showed that deterministic thinking subscales up to %27 and total deterministic thinking up to %22 affect on explaining self-compassion. The results showed that the higher level of deterministic thinking cause the lower self-compassion and deterministic thinking cognitive distortion should be amended for increasing self-compassion.

Diabetes is a chronic disease capable of causing serious complications affecting the circulatory and nervous systems, kidneys, eyes, and feet, and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Given the enormous economic and social burdens of diabetes, screening is performed in health care service centers.. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Health Belief Model (HBM) on, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of people over 30 years old referred for diabetes screenings. This research was an educational trial study. Eighty people over 30 years old attending health centers in Sirjan town, were selected to participate in this study (40 in intervention group and 40 in control group). The intervention was conducted over two sessions in 60 minutes. Data were collected by a validated and reliable questionnaire (64 questions) before intervention and three months after that. Data was analyzed by chi-square, fisher's exact, paired t and independent t-tests. After intervention, knowledge scores significantly increased in both intervention and control groups, which were probably due to the routine education program in that center. But significant increase in attitude and practice was only observed in the intervention group. Also perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). But, there was not any significant difference in the control group. The Health Belief Model was effective in educating the people over 30 years old. Therefore, it is proposed traditional training methods along with the Health Belief Model in training people over 30 years old.

The human environment is very sensitive and fragile. In recent years the rate of pollutants has been increasing. Ahvaz city (located in South-West of Iran) with a population of 1,000,000 persons is one of the seven polluted Iranian metropolises. So, the aim of current study was to estimate the number of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths related to ozone exposure in Ahvaz, during 2011. In this cross-sectional study, we used exposure metrics of ozone for estimation health effects on Ahvaz citizens. Collected data was processed by Excel software (through correcting temperature and pressure, coding, averaging and filtering). Finally, estimation of health effects attributed to ozone air pollution by Air Q model. Findings showed that the number of cardiovascular deaths resulted from ozone exposure was estimated to be 142 persons per year. 67% of these cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 120 μg/m3. Based on the results of this study, 49 persons were estimated as respiratory deaths within one year of exposure. 80 %of these cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 140 μg/m3. We need to extend epidemiologic study for calculating relative risks, attributable proportion and baseline incidence until using data for estimating health effects on humans. The use of emission reduction scenarios such as emission reductions by industries and vehicles can step forward to have environment free of contaminants.

In recent years, the biological methods have been considered as a most promising candidate for the cancer treatment. One of the most applicable methods is recombinant proteins. ONTAK immunotoxin is a special drug for cancer therapy of leukemia, lymphoma and melanoma. With respect to the dramatic growth of cancer in today's society, production of recombinant protein drugs seems to be necessary. In this research, optimization of complex culture medium for the expression of ONTAK recombinant has been studied. In this experimental study, various concentrations of IPTG (Isopropyl Thiogalactopyranoside) were used as an inductor and the medium components and induction time optimized for expression of ONTAK immunotoxin. The cell concentration was measured by optical density at 600 nm and the protein expression levels were analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel. The modified complex culture medium containing: glucose 6 g/l; K2HPO4 12.5 g/l; KH2PO4 2.3 g/l; Yeast Extract 20 g/l; Tryptone 10 g/l; were determined as optimal medium. OD600nm=3.0 was determined as the best time for induction by IPTG at a concentration of 0.1mM. The maximum amount of the expression of the target protein was determined at OD600nm=5.5. The adding of additive carbon source (glucose) to the complex medium was caused a better ONTAK immunotoxin expression as compared with the amount of expression observed in LB medium. The amount of produced biomass on the optimized medium increased over 3.5 times in comparison to LB medium.

Blood platelet units are generally stored in blood banks for 3–5 days, afterwards they are discarded. Prepared infusible platelet membrane (IPM) from fresh or outdated human platelets correct the prolonged bleeding times in thrombocytopenic animals such as rabbits. Abnormal Toxicity is an European Pharmacopoeia standard for assessment of biological products and the test material is administered to the mice. In this study, abnormal toxicity of IPM was evaluated in experimental animal model such as mice. In this experimental study, infusible platelet membrane (IPM) was prepared from outdated platelet concentrates. Platelet concentrates were pooled, disrupted by freeze-thaw procedure, pasteurized for 20 hours to inactivate the possible viral or bacterial contaminants with a sodium caprylate stabilizer, formulated by sucrose and human serum albumin and finally lyophilized. We injected 0.5 ml of IPM (2 mg/kg) intravenously into each 5 health mice, weighing 17-22 grams. According to the EU Pharmacopeia, the test will be passed if none of animals die during 24 hours after injection. If more than one animal dies, the preparation fails the test. If one of the animals just dies, the test is repeated. In our experiment all five mice were alive. In this research the results showed that IPM as a platelet substitute is free of abnormal toxicity and safe and it may be used in human clinical trial studies as a feasible approach to develop a platelet substitute in the future. However, further studies are required to confirm the different aspects of its safety as well.

Maternal and childish health is one of the most important and critical issues that need special attention. One of the goal of family physician plan is to improve the vital horoscope indicator. This study has been investigated the vital horoscope indicator in rural populations of Shiraz before and after family physician plan during 2001-2012. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. Data were colleced using standard form and through census at health centers during 2001- 2012. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon tests. The findings showed that the highest mean of vital horoscope indicator after family physician plan was General Fertility (5.98) and the lowest one was Total Fertility before family physician plan (0.17). There was a meaningful relationship between 4 indicators before and after family physician plan (p<0.05). Indicators of Death of neonates under 1 month, and infants under 1 year, percentage of infants under 1 year, percentage of stillbirth from 2001 to 2012 decreased. Family physician plan is one of the effective programs in vital horoscope indicator, service quality and health promotion. So along with correct implementation, constant monitoring and increased awareness of this plan effective action can be taken to improve the vital horoscope indicators.